piston resistance
#2
TECH Fanatic
I have not studied this in detail, however I would think that piston-wall friction is greatest when the side loads from the connecting rod are the highest - the middle of the stroke.
#5
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The most resistance to the spinning of the crank is going to be every piston from 1/8 atdc to 3/8(rod journal location)(intake stroke) and 5/8 to 7/8 rot (compression stroke) and again during the exhaust stroke from 5/8 to 7/8 ,,,,,so in a typical ice that is a 4 cycle design 3 of 4 strokes are resisting the spinning of the crank and that is the main reason We only get around 20-30% efficiency that and heat loss ,,,,,,etc