Front struts
#2
What kind of car? If you are talking about a 4th gen fbody then you do not need an alignment since these cars do not have struts, they are coilover shocks/double wishbone suspension. Hopefully you didn't just buy some cheap stock replacements...
#4
I have done complete suspension on my car. Depending on how much of it you are replacing will determine how hard the job will be. I replacing springs, shocks, and mounts and that made it so I could bolt everything together before hand so when I got my old shock out I just bolted the new stuff in. No fuss. Don't worry about moving the master cylinder. You just remove the two bolts that hold it to the brake booster and you can pivot it enough to get the bolts that are underneath it. I made a write up when I did mine with links and pictures that might help you. https://ls1tech.com/forums/suspensio...how-links.html
#5
Bare minimum bilsteins or koni str.t. Both of those are inexpencive good shocks.