GenIV 5.3 LH6 info
08-04-2004, 07:56 AM
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GenIV 5.3 LH6 info Vortec 5300 Gen IV V-8 (LH6) Truck Engine
2005 Model Year Summary
New engine for Buick Rainier, Chevrolet TrailBlazer EXT, GMC Envoy XL, GMC Envoy XUV, GMC Envoy Denali, GMC Envoy XL Denali and Saab 9-7
Aluminum-intensive construction
Displacement on Demand fuel-saving technology
Improved cylinder heads
Improved intake manifold with larger throttle body
High-lift cam
Floating-pin pistons with polymer coating
More durable exhaust manifolds
Returnless fuel injection
Improved electronic throttle control (ETC)
Improved ignition system with iridium-tip spark plugs
High capacity oil-pump
Pan-axle oil pan
E40 engine control module (ECM)
Ultra-fast oxygen sensors
GF-4 engine oil
FULL DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW OR CHANGED FEATURES
New Engine for Buick Rainier, Chevrolet Trailblazer EXT, GMC Envoy XL, GMC Envoy XUV, GMC Envoy Denali, GMC Envoy XL denali AND SAAB 9-7
For 2005, GM Powertrain will introduce the next-generation Vortec 5300 5.3L V-8 (LH6) truck engine. Developed jointly with the LS2 car and truck V-8s, it once again redefines “state of the art” for cam-in-block, overhead valve engines.
The design objective was straightforward: a high-value engine with an industry-best balance of quality, performance and reliability. Specifically, the development team wanted horsepower and torque to match or surpass the Generation III Vortec 5300 with a significant increase in fuel economy. Thanks to front-edge technologies and GM Powertrain’s industry-leading Displacement on Demand (DOD) system, the Generation IV Vortec 5300 5.3L V-8 has achieved these objectives. Virtually every engine system has been improved.
This new Vortec 5300 5.3L V-8 will be manufactured at Powertrain’s Romulus, Mich, engine plant.
ALUMINUM-INTENSIVE CONSTRUCTION
All major castings in the Gen IV Vortec 5300 are aluminum, including its engine block. Developed with the latest math-based tools, the new block provides an exceptionally light, rigid foundation for an impressively smooth engine.
All-aluminum construction means less weight and greater efficiency than conventional cast-iron truck engines. Less weight translates into improved vehicle fuel economy. Cast from A356-T6 aluminum alloy, the Gen IV block has pressed-in iron cylinder liners and weighs roughly 100 pounds less than a comparably sized cast-iron engine block. Moreover, its deep-skirt design helps maximize strength and minimize vibration. It also accommodates six-bolt, cross-threaded main-bearing caps that limit crank flex and stiffen the engine’s structure.
Beyond its reduced weight and improved rigidity, the Gen IV engine block also accommodates a lifter oil manifold assembly (LOMA), which replaces a conventional engine block cover and comprises a key component of the Displacement on Demand technology (below). The block is cast with oil ports in its V or valley – essentially plumbing for the De-ac valve lifters that make Displacement on Demand work. As a result, knock sensors previously located in the valley have been moved to the outside of the block, while the cam sensor had been moved from the rear of the block to the front cover.
2005 Model Year Summary
New engine for Buick Rainier, Chevrolet TrailBlazer EXT, GMC Envoy XL, GMC Envoy XUV, GMC Envoy Denali, GMC Envoy XL Denali and Saab 9-7
Aluminum-intensive construction
Displacement on Demand fuel-saving technology
Improved cylinder heads
Improved intake manifold with larger throttle body
High-lift cam
Floating-pin pistons with polymer coating
More durable exhaust manifolds
Returnless fuel injection
Improved electronic throttle control (ETC)
Improved ignition system with iridium-tip spark plugs
High capacity oil-pump
Pan-axle oil pan
E40 engine control module (ECM)
Ultra-fast oxygen sensors
GF-4 engine oil
FULL DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW OR CHANGED FEATURES
New Engine for Buick Rainier, Chevrolet Trailblazer EXT, GMC Envoy XL, GMC Envoy XUV, GMC Envoy Denali, GMC Envoy XL denali AND SAAB 9-7
For 2005, GM Powertrain will introduce the next-generation Vortec 5300 5.3L V-8 (LH6) truck engine. Developed jointly with the LS2 car and truck V-8s, it once again redefines “state of the art” for cam-in-block, overhead valve engines.
The design objective was straightforward: a high-value engine with an industry-best balance of quality, performance and reliability. Specifically, the development team wanted horsepower and torque to match or surpass the Generation III Vortec 5300 with a significant increase in fuel economy. Thanks to front-edge technologies and GM Powertrain’s industry-leading Displacement on Demand (DOD) system, the Generation IV Vortec 5300 5.3L V-8 has achieved these objectives. Virtually every engine system has been improved.
This new Vortec 5300 5.3L V-8 will be manufactured at Powertrain’s Romulus, Mich, engine plant.
ALUMINUM-INTENSIVE CONSTRUCTION
All major castings in the Gen IV Vortec 5300 are aluminum, including its engine block. Developed with the latest math-based tools, the new block provides an exceptionally light, rigid foundation for an impressively smooth engine.
All-aluminum construction means less weight and greater efficiency than conventional cast-iron truck engines. Less weight translates into improved vehicle fuel economy. Cast from A356-T6 aluminum alloy, the Gen IV block has pressed-in iron cylinder liners and weighs roughly 100 pounds less than a comparably sized cast-iron engine block. Moreover, its deep-skirt design helps maximize strength and minimize vibration. It also accommodates six-bolt, cross-threaded main-bearing caps that limit crank flex and stiffen the engine’s structure.
Beyond its reduced weight and improved rigidity, the Gen IV engine block also accommodates a lifter oil manifold assembly (LOMA), which replaces a conventional engine block cover and comprises a key component of the Displacement on Demand technology (below). The block is cast with oil ports in its V or valley – essentially plumbing for the De-ac valve lifters that make Displacement on Demand work. As a result, knock sensors previously located in the valley have been moved to the outside of the block, while the cam sensor had been moved from the rear of the block to the front cover.
08-04-2004, 07:56 AM
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Displacement on Demand Fuel-Saving Technology
With the Gen IV Vortec 5300, GM Powertrain launches its innovative Displacement on Demand cylinder-deactivation technology. In initial applications, Displacement on Demand is expected to increase fuel economy up to 8 percent under the federal government’s required testing procedure in certain real-world, light-load driving conditions. Both customers and the environment will benefit from the Vortec 5300’s improved fuel economy. Moreover, owners won't have to sacrifice superior V-8 power and performance to go farther on a tank of gas.
Displacement on Demand stems from a simple premise: most truck owners have more power than they need much of the time. Many choose powerful V-8 engines to be prepared for the occasional heavy load, but during routine commuting that powerful engine operates at a fraction of its capability. Volumetric efficiency is impaired, and that means less than optimal fuel mileage. Displacement on Demand offers a common-sense solution. It saves fuel by using only half of the Vortec 5300’s cylinders during some driving conditions, and seamlessly reactivates the other cylinders when a driver demands full power for acceleration or load hauling.
Managed by Powertrain’s new E40 engine control module (ECM), Displacement on Demand automatically shuts down every second cylinder, according to firing order, during light-load operation. In engineering terms, this allows the working cylinders to achieve better thermal, volumetric and mechanical efficiency by reducing heat loss, combustion loss and friction, and lowering cyclical combustion variation from cylinder to cylinder. As a result, Displacement on Demand delivers better fuel economy and lower operating costs. Perhaps the most sensible thing about Displacement on Demand is that it harnesses the engine’s existing capabilities, starting with the potential designed into the E40 ECM. The only mechanical components required are special valve lifters for cylinders that are deactivated, and their control system.
Displacement on Demand relies on three primary components: De-ac (for deactivation) or collapsible valve lifters, a lifter oil manifold assembly (LOMA), and the E40 ECM.
One of the most sophisticated engine controllers in existence, the E40 (below) measures load conditions based on inputs from vehicle sensors and interprets that information to manage dozens of engine operations, from fuel injection to spark control to electronic throttle control. Displacement on Demand adds an algorithm to the engine control software to manage cylinder deactivation and reactivation. When loads are light, the E40 automatically closes both intake and exhaust valves for half of the cylinders and cuts fuel delivery to those four. The valves re-open to activate all cylinders when the driver demands brisk acceleration or full torque to move a load. The transition takes less than 20 milliseconds, and can’t be detected by the driver.
Valve lifters are operated by the engine’s camshaft, and lift a pushrod that operates the valves in the cylinder head. In the Gen IV Vortec 5300, the De-ac lifters are installed in cylinders 1, 4, 6 and 7, while the remaining cylinders use conventional lifters. The hydraulically operated De-ac lifters have a spring-loaded locking pin actuated by oil pressure. For deactivation, hydraulic pressure dislodges the locking pin, collapsing the top portion of the lifter into the bottom and removing contact with the pushrod. The bottom of each De-ac lifter rides up and down on the cam lobe but the top does not move the push rod. The valves do not operate, and combustion in that cylinder stops. During reactivation, the oil pressure is removed, and the lifter locks at full length. The pushrods, and therefore the valves, operate normally.
The final Displacement on Demand component is the LOMA. This assembly is a cast-aluminum plate, installed in the Vortec 5300’s valley in place of a conventional engine block cover. The LOMA holds four solenoids, control wiring and cast-in oil passages. The solenoids are managed by the ECM, and each one controls oil flow to a De-ac lifter, activating and de-activating the valves at one cylinder as required for Displacement on Demand.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s fuel injectors are identical for all cylinders; those feeding the deactivated cylinders are simply shut down electrically by the ECM during deactivation. When the cylinders are deactivated, the engine effectively operates as a V-4. In its initial applications, Displacement on Demand is calibrated to operate in third and fourth gears between 1700 and 3000 rpm. Operation is load based, as measured by the ECM using dozens of inputs, overlain with the driver’s demand for power as measured by throttle application. Displacement on Demand’s response time varies with oil temperature, but in all cases is measured in milliseconds. Operation is always transparent to the driver. The engine returns to V-8 mode the instant the controller determines that acceleration or load requires additional power.
The exhaust system for the Gen IV Vortec 5300 required careful tuning to maintain optimal noise and vibration control. In four-cylinder operation, the engine creates second-order exhaust pulses; in eight-cylinder operation, it creates fourth-order exhaust pulses. The system requires special pipe tuning to account for both. Mitigating features for short-wheelbase vehicles are still in development. As a result, Displacement on Demand will be disabled via calibration in the Buick Rainier, Envoy Denali and Saab 9-7.
With the Gen IV Vortec 5300, GM Powertrain launches its innovative Displacement on Demand cylinder-deactivation technology. In initial applications, Displacement on Demand is expected to increase fuel economy up to 8 percent under the federal government’s required testing procedure in certain real-world, light-load driving conditions. Both customers and the environment will benefit from the Vortec 5300’s improved fuel economy. Moreover, owners won't have to sacrifice superior V-8 power and performance to go farther on a tank of gas.
Displacement on Demand stems from a simple premise: most truck owners have more power than they need much of the time. Many choose powerful V-8 engines to be prepared for the occasional heavy load, but during routine commuting that powerful engine operates at a fraction of its capability. Volumetric efficiency is impaired, and that means less than optimal fuel mileage. Displacement on Demand offers a common-sense solution. It saves fuel by using only half of the Vortec 5300’s cylinders during some driving conditions, and seamlessly reactivates the other cylinders when a driver demands full power for acceleration or load hauling.
Managed by Powertrain’s new E40 engine control module (ECM), Displacement on Demand automatically shuts down every second cylinder, according to firing order, during light-load operation. In engineering terms, this allows the working cylinders to achieve better thermal, volumetric and mechanical efficiency by reducing heat loss, combustion loss and friction, and lowering cyclical combustion variation from cylinder to cylinder. As a result, Displacement on Demand delivers better fuel economy and lower operating costs. Perhaps the most sensible thing about Displacement on Demand is that it harnesses the engine’s existing capabilities, starting with the potential designed into the E40 ECM. The only mechanical components required are special valve lifters for cylinders that are deactivated, and their control system.
Displacement on Demand relies on three primary components: De-ac (for deactivation) or collapsible valve lifters, a lifter oil manifold assembly (LOMA), and the E40 ECM.
One of the most sophisticated engine controllers in existence, the E40 (below) measures load conditions based on inputs from vehicle sensors and interprets that information to manage dozens of engine operations, from fuel injection to spark control to electronic throttle control. Displacement on Demand adds an algorithm to the engine control software to manage cylinder deactivation and reactivation. When loads are light, the E40 automatically closes both intake and exhaust valves for half of the cylinders and cuts fuel delivery to those four. The valves re-open to activate all cylinders when the driver demands brisk acceleration or full torque to move a load. The transition takes less than 20 milliseconds, and can’t be detected by the driver.
Valve lifters are operated by the engine’s camshaft, and lift a pushrod that operates the valves in the cylinder head. In the Gen IV Vortec 5300, the De-ac lifters are installed in cylinders 1, 4, 6 and 7, while the remaining cylinders use conventional lifters. The hydraulically operated De-ac lifters have a spring-loaded locking pin actuated by oil pressure. For deactivation, hydraulic pressure dislodges the locking pin, collapsing the top portion of the lifter into the bottom and removing contact with the pushrod. The bottom of each De-ac lifter rides up and down on the cam lobe but the top does not move the push rod. The valves do not operate, and combustion in that cylinder stops. During reactivation, the oil pressure is removed, and the lifter locks at full length. The pushrods, and therefore the valves, operate normally.
The final Displacement on Demand component is the LOMA. This assembly is a cast-aluminum plate, installed in the Vortec 5300’s valley in place of a conventional engine block cover. The LOMA holds four solenoids, control wiring and cast-in oil passages. The solenoids are managed by the ECM, and each one controls oil flow to a De-ac lifter, activating and de-activating the valves at one cylinder as required for Displacement on Demand.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s fuel injectors are identical for all cylinders; those feeding the deactivated cylinders are simply shut down electrically by the ECM during deactivation. When the cylinders are deactivated, the engine effectively operates as a V-4. In its initial applications, Displacement on Demand is calibrated to operate in third and fourth gears between 1700 and 3000 rpm. Operation is load based, as measured by the ECM using dozens of inputs, overlain with the driver’s demand for power as measured by throttle application. Displacement on Demand’s response time varies with oil temperature, but in all cases is measured in milliseconds. Operation is always transparent to the driver. The engine returns to V-8 mode the instant the controller determines that acceleration or load requires additional power.
The exhaust system for the Gen IV Vortec 5300 required careful tuning to maintain optimal noise and vibration control. In four-cylinder operation, the engine creates second-order exhaust pulses; in eight-cylinder operation, it creates fourth-order exhaust pulses. The system requires special pipe tuning to account for both. Mitigating features for short-wheelbase vehicles are still in development. As a result, Displacement on Demand will be disabled via calibration in the Buick Rainier, Envoy Denali and Saab 9-7.
08-04-2004, 07:57 AM
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IMPROVED CYLINDER HEADS
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s cylinder heads have been enhanced for improved performance and efficiency. As a result, the LH6 delivers the horsepower and combustion advantages of a higher compression engine, yet operates at peak output on regular-octane gas.
The LH6 takes its cylinder heads from the LS6 V-8 that powers Cadillac’s high-performance CTS-V sedan. Originally developed for the Corvette Z06, these heads improve airflow in and out of the engine. With their pent-roof combustion chambers and new flat-top pistons (the pistons in Gen III Vortec 5300s have a slight sump in the piston deck), the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s compression ratio increases from 9.5:1 to 9.9:1. This increase improves the engine’s volumetric efficiency and increases horsepower.
Typically, however, high compression engines require high-octane gasoline to produce maximum power, or to avoid the potentially damaging effects of spark knock or “detonation.” The Gen IV Vortec 5300 does not require premium fuel to achieve peak horsepower. The seemingly incompatible objectives of high compression and regular gas were achieved by optimizing combustion chamber design and airflow to the engine, and through advanced engine management.
With the new heads, the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s valve springs feature a new winding geometry and more durable alloy. The LH6 also uses the solid Silcrome 1 valves originally introduced on GM Powertrain’s LS1 V-8. Compared to conventional iron-alloy valve material, Silcrome 1 includes tungsten, vanadium, manganese, silicone and higher chromium content. It is harder and improves durability.
IMPROVED INTAKE MANIFOLD WITH LARGER THROTTLE BODY
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s carbon composite intake manifold offers several advantages over a conventional metal manifold, including less weight, improved airflow and better noise dampening. It is manufactured with a refined lost-core molding process that improves assembly efficiency and drastically reduces post-molding finish work.
With the new manifold, the engine is equipped with an 87-mm throttle body, compared to the 75-mm throttle body used on Gen III Vortec 5300s. The larger throttle body increases maximum airflow into the engine; it also prepares the Gen IV Vortec 5300 for further horsepower increases in the future. Moreover, the throttle body is now tilted upward 12.5 degrees, as opposed to flat to the horizontal plane of the engine. The upward tilt virtually eliminates moisture collection in the throttle body when the vehicle sits idle for long periods, and reduces the chance of throttle icing. Previous versions of the Vortec 5300 have used a heated throttle body to help manage emissions by warming intake. Thanks to the engine’s overall efficiency, the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s throttle body does not require heat. This eliminates coolant jackets around the throttle body and plumbing that delivers coolant to those jackets, reducing assembly complexity and eliminating a potential leak source.
The intake manifold and throttle body gaskets apply the best sealing technology available. They are manufactured from a rubberized fluorocarbon material rather than conventional silicon-based gasket material. The fluorocarbon gaskets are resistant to most chemicals, for maximum durability, and particularly impermeable to small hydrocarbon molecules. Gasoline vapor cannot penetrate the fluorocarbon. These gaskets help vehicles equipped with the Gen IV Vortec 5300 meet new, near-zero evaporative emissions standards ahead of government mandate.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s cylinder heads have been enhanced for improved performance and efficiency. As a result, the LH6 delivers the horsepower and combustion advantages of a higher compression engine, yet operates at peak output on regular-octane gas.
The LH6 takes its cylinder heads from the LS6 V-8 that powers Cadillac’s high-performance CTS-V sedan. Originally developed for the Corvette Z06, these heads improve airflow in and out of the engine. With their pent-roof combustion chambers and new flat-top pistons (the pistons in Gen III Vortec 5300s have a slight sump in the piston deck), the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s compression ratio increases from 9.5:1 to 9.9:1. This increase improves the engine’s volumetric efficiency and increases horsepower.
Typically, however, high compression engines require high-octane gasoline to produce maximum power, or to avoid the potentially damaging effects of spark knock or “detonation.” The Gen IV Vortec 5300 does not require premium fuel to achieve peak horsepower. The seemingly incompatible objectives of high compression and regular gas were achieved by optimizing combustion chamber design and airflow to the engine, and through advanced engine management.
With the new heads, the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s valve springs feature a new winding geometry and more durable alloy. The LH6 also uses the solid Silcrome 1 valves originally introduced on GM Powertrain’s LS1 V-8. Compared to conventional iron-alloy valve material, Silcrome 1 includes tungsten, vanadium, manganese, silicone and higher chromium content. It is harder and improves durability.
IMPROVED INTAKE MANIFOLD WITH LARGER THROTTLE BODY
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s carbon composite intake manifold offers several advantages over a conventional metal manifold, including less weight, improved airflow and better noise dampening. It is manufactured with a refined lost-core molding process that improves assembly efficiency and drastically reduces post-molding finish work.
With the new manifold, the engine is equipped with an 87-mm throttle body, compared to the 75-mm throttle body used on Gen III Vortec 5300s. The larger throttle body increases maximum airflow into the engine; it also prepares the Gen IV Vortec 5300 for further horsepower increases in the future. Moreover, the throttle body is now tilted upward 12.5 degrees, as opposed to flat to the horizontal plane of the engine. The upward tilt virtually eliminates moisture collection in the throttle body when the vehicle sits idle for long periods, and reduces the chance of throttle icing. Previous versions of the Vortec 5300 have used a heated throttle body to help manage emissions by warming intake. Thanks to the engine’s overall efficiency, the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s throttle body does not require heat. This eliminates coolant jackets around the throttle body and plumbing that delivers coolant to those jackets, reducing assembly complexity and eliminating a potential leak source.
The intake manifold and throttle body gaskets apply the best sealing technology available. They are manufactured from a rubberized fluorocarbon material rather than conventional silicon-based gasket material. The fluorocarbon gaskets are resistant to most chemicals, for maximum durability, and particularly impermeable to small hydrocarbon molecules. Gasoline vapor cannot penetrate the fluorocarbon. These gaskets help vehicles equipped with the Gen IV Vortec 5300 meet new, near-zero evaporative emissions standards ahead of government mandate.
08-04-2004, 07:57 AM
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HIGH-LIFT CAM
There are several improvements to the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s cam gear, including a higher lift camshaft. With this cam, maximum valve lift increases to 12.5 mm, compared to 11.6 mm in 2004 Vortec 5300s, increasing flow rate into and out of the combustion chambers. The new cam and higher compression ratio (above) are primary contributors to the Gen IV’s increased horsepower compared to 2004 Vortec 5300s.
The Gen IV also uses the latest digital cam-timing technology. The cam sensor is now located in the front engine cover, and the sensor target is etched into the cam sprocket itself. This system ensures the most precise, reliable timing possible for the life of the engine. With a digital crank sensor, the cam sensor also provides a redundant spark timing system that ensures proper engine operation even if one system malfunctions.
Finally, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with a new heavy-duty timing chain developed expressly for quiet operation. The chain, which connects the cam and crankshaft, is validated for 200,000 miles of operation and fitted with a new dampener. Even the most durable chains stretch with time and in many engines must be adjusted or replaced at scheduled intervals. The Gen IV Vortec 5300s’s shoe-type dampener mounts to the engine block and rests on the chain. It maintains optimal chain tension for the life of the engine and eliminates any flapping motion that might develop as the chain stretches with mileage. The dampener ensures that the timing chain operates as smoothly and quietly as new, even as the Gen IV Vortec 5300 accumulates high mileage.
FLOATING PIN PISTONS WITH POLYMER COATING
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with floating-pin pistons. Introduced on GM Powertrain’s Vortec 6000 H.0. V-8, these pistons feature wrist pins that “float” inside the rod bushing and the pin bores in the piston barrel. Previously, the Vortec 5300 used a fixed-pin assembly, in which the connecting rod is fixed to the piston’s wrist pin, and the pin rotates in the pin bore. Snap rings now retain the wrist pin in the piston, while the rod moves laterally on a bushing around the pin.
The new floating-pin assembly allows tighter pin to pin-bore tolerances and reduces noise generated during engine operation. Vortec 5300 pistons were already validated for 200,000 miles of operation. The floating pin pistons should extend durability even further.
To further reduce wear, the pistons are coated with a polymer material. This material limits bore scuffing, or abrasion of the cylinder wall over time from the piston’s up-down motion, and extends the benefits of the floating-pin piston assembly. The polymer coating also dampens noise generated by the piston’s movement within the cylinder. The result for the customer is less engine wear, improved durability and quieter operation.
MORE DURABLE EXHAUST MANIFOLDS
Exhaust manifolds for the Gen IV Vortec 5300 were developed to improve durability and sealing and reduce operational noise.
Cast nodular iron was the material of choice for its basic durability and excellent heat management properties. Moreover, the exhaust manifolds now feature saw cuts along their flange, or the surface where they mate to the engine block. Originally developed for the big-block Vortec 8100, these cuts split the flange into three separate sections, allowing each section to move under extreme hot-cold temperature fluctuations without interacting with, or creating stress on, another section. The cuts virtually eliminate friction on – and movement of – the exhaust manifold gaskets. This helps ensure proper sealing for the life of the engine and reduces the chance of gasket failure.
Additionally, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 exhaust manifolds are fitted with new triple-layer heat shields fabricated from stainless steel and insulating material. The shields serve two purposes. First, they limit heat transfer from the engine to the engine bay, allowing the Gen IV Vortec 5300 to reach optimal operating temperature more quickly, yet reducing heat in the engine compartment once that temperature is achieved. Second, they dampen the sound of exhaust gas rushing through the manifolds and further reduce the amount of engine operational noise that finds its way into the vehicle interior.
RETURNLESS FUEL INJECTION
Like other Vortec 5300s, the LH6 is equipped with a new "returnless’’ fuel injection system. Also known as a demand system, returnless fuel injection represents a paradigm shift for GM Powertrain, developed to decrease evaporative emissions. The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is also one of Powertrain’s first applications of U.S. car-standard electrical connectors for the fuel injectors. The standard was developed to promote common, reliable connections across the auto industry and streamline regulatory oversight. The connectors are more compact than previous connectors, and designed for improved sealing.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s sequential fuel injection system eliminates fuel return lines between the engine and the gasoline tank. Previously, Vortec 5300s used the return line to manage fuel pressure by bleeding off excess fuel at the fuel rail and returning the excess to the tank. The new system eliminates the return lines and moves the fuel pressure regulator from the fuel rail on the engine to the fuel tank. Because it delivers only the amount of fuel needed by the injectors, and returns no fuel to the gas tank, the returnless system essentially eliminates heat transfer from the engine to tank. This reduces the amount of vapor generated in the tank and captured by the vehicle’s onboard refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) system.
With new fluorocarbon intake manifold and throttle body gaskets and higher capacity purge valve for ORVR, returnless fuel injection allows all Vortec 5300s to meet near-zero evaporative emissions standards ahead of federal and California Air Resources Board mandates.
With the returnless system, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with a redesigned, rectangular fuel rail manufactured of stainless steel. Previous versions use a cylindrical nylon rail. The stainless steel rail allows installation of baffles that manage fuel pulses with the returnless system and reduce noise
There are several improvements to the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s cam gear, including a higher lift camshaft. With this cam, maximum valve lift increases to 12.5 mm, compared to 11.6 mm in 2004 Vortec 5300s, increasing flow rate into and out of the combustion chambers. The new cam and higher compression ratio (above) are primary contributors to the Gen IV’s increased horsepower compared to 2004 Vortec 5300s.
The Gen IV also uses the latest digital cam-timing technology. The cam sensor is now located in the front engine cover, and the sensor target is etched into the cam sprocket itself. This system ensures the most precise, reliable timing possible for the life of the engine. With a digital crank sensor, the cam sensor also provides a redundant spark timing system that ensures proper engine operation even if one system malfunctions.
Finally, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with a new heavy-duty timing chain developed expressly for quiet operation. The chain, which connects the cam and crankshaft, is validated for 200,000 miles of operation and fitted with a new dampener. Even the most durable chains stretch with time and in many engines must be adjusted or replaced at scheduled intervals. The Gen IV Vortec 5300s’s shoe-type dampener mounts to the engine block and rests on the chain. It maintains optimal chain tension for the life of the engine and eliminates any flapping motion that might develop as the chain stretches with mileage. The dampener ensures that the timing chain operates as smoothly and quietly as new, even as the Gen IV Vortec 5300 accumulates high mileage.
FLOATING PIN PISTONS WITH POLYMER COATING
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with floating-pin pistons. Introduced on GM Powertrain’s Vortec 6000 H.0. V-8, these pistons feature wrist pins that “float” inside the rod bushing and the pin bores in the piston barrel. Previously, the Vortec 5300 used a fixed-pin assembly, in which the connecting rod is fixed to the piston’s wrist pin, and the pin rotates in the pin bore. Snap rings now retain the wrist pin in the piston, while the rod moves laterally on a bushing around the pin.
The new floating-pin assembly allows tighter pin to pin-bore tolerances and reduces noise generated during engine operation. Vortec 5300 pistons were already validated for 200,000 miles of operation. The floating pin pistons should extend durability even further.
To further reduce wear, the pistons are coated with a polymer material. This material limits bore scuffing, or abrasion of the cylinder wall over time from the piston’s up-down motion, and extends the benefits of the floating-pin piston assembly. The polymer coating also dampens noise generated by the piston’s movement within the cylinder. The result for the customer is less engine wear, improved durability and quieter operation.
MORE DURABLE EXHAUST MANIFOLDS
Exhaust manifolds for the Gen IV Vortec 5300 were developed to improve durability and sealing and reduce operational noise.
Cast nodular iron was the material of choice for its basic durability and excellent heat management properties. Moreover, the exhaust manifolds now feature saw cuts along their flange, or the surface where they mate to the engine block. Originally developed for the big-block Vortec 8100, these cuts split the flange into three separate sections, allowing each section to move under extreme hot-cold temperature fluctuations without interacting with, or creating stress on, another section. The cuts virtually eliminate friction on – and movement of – the exhaust manifold gaskets. This helps ensure proper sealing for the life of the engine and reduces the chance of gasket failure.
Additionally, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 exhaust manifolds are fitted with new triple-layer heat shields fabricated from stainless steel and insulating material. The shields serve two purposes. First, they limit heat transfer from the engine to the engine bay, allowing the Gen IV Vortec 5300 to reach optimal operating temperature more quickly, yet reducing heat in the engine compartment once that temperature is achieved. Second, they dampen the sound of exhaust gas rushing through the manifolds and further reduce the amount of engine operational noise that finds its way into the vehicle interior.
RETURNLESS FUEL INJECTION
Like other Vortec 5300s, the LH6 is equipped with a new "returnless’’ fuel injection system. Also known as a demand system, returnless fuel injection represents a paradigm shift for GM Powertrain, developed to decrease evaporative emissions. The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is also one of Powertrain’s first applications of U.S. car-standard electrical connectors for the fuel injectors. The standard was developed to promote common, reliable connections across the auto industry and streamline regulatory oversight. The connectors are more compact than previous connectors, and designed for improved sealing.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300’s sequential fuel injection system eliminates fuel return lines between the engine and the gasoline tank. Previously, Vortec 5300s used the return line to manage fuel pressure by bleeding off excess fuel at the fuel rail and returning the excess to the tank. The new system eliminates the return lines and moves the fuel pressure regulator from the fuel rail on the engine to the fuel tank. Because it delivers only the amount of fuel needed by the injectors, and returns no fuel to the gas tank, the returnless system essentially eliminates heat transfer from the engine to tank. This reduces the amount of vapor generated in the tank and captured by the vehicle’s onboard refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) system.
With new fluorocarbon intake manifold and throttle body gaskets and higher capacity purge valve for ORVR, returnless fuel injection allows all Vortec 5300s to meet near-zero evaporative emissions standards ahead of federal and California Air Resources Board mandates.
With the returnless system, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with a redesigned, rectangular fuel rail manufactured of stainless steel. Previous versions use a cylindrical nylon rail. The stainless steel rail allows installation of baffles that manage fuel pulses with the returnless system and reduce noise
08-04-2004, 07:59 AM
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IMPROVED ELECTRONIC THROTTLE CONTROL (ETC)
GM Powertrain has led the industry in applying electronic throttle control (ETC) to its Vortec V-8s. ETC remains the exception rather than the rule in truck engines, and the Gen IV Vortec 5300 introduces the next generation in truck ETC.
With ETC, there is no mechanical link between the accelerator pedal and the throttle. A potentiometer at the pedal measures pedal angle and sends a signal to the engine control module (ECM); the ECM then directs an electric motor to open the throttle at the appropriate rate and angle. Electronic throttle control (ETC) delivers a number of benefits to the customer. Besides throttle pedal angle, the ECM measures other data, including the transmission’s shift patterns and traction at the drive wheels, in determining how far to open the throttle. ETC delivers outstanding throttle response and greater reliability than a mechanical connection, which typically uses a cable that requires adjustment – and sometimes breaks. Cruise control electronics are integrated into the system, further improving reliability and simplifying engine assembly.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 takes ETC to the next level by taking advantage of capability built into its advanced E40 ECM (below) and further streamlining the system. Known as “up-integrated ETC,’’ the new system eliminates a throttle actuator control (TAC) module. On most ETC systems, the TAC is mounted on the throttle body. It takes commands from the ECM and then operates the electric motor that opens and closes the throttle. The E40 manages the throttle directly, without a TAC. Eliminating the TAC reduces cost and improves reliability. The direct link between the ECM and the throttle motor improves throttle response time (albeit in millisecond increments that are not apparent to the driver) and improves system security by removing a device (the TAC) that must be monitored for malfunction.
IMPROVED IGNITION SYSTEM WITH IRIDIUM-TIP SPARKPLUGS
The LH6 uses next-generation ignition coils that are smaller and lighter than those on other Vortec 5300s. The coils are still mounted on the rocker covers, but they attach with a new mounting bracket that simplifies engine assembly.
Spark timing is managed with both a cam sensor that reads a target on the cam sprocket and a crank sensor that reads a reluctor wheel cast into the crankshaft. This dual-measurement system ensures extremely accurate timing for the life of the engine. Moreover, it provides an effective back-up system in the event of a sensor failure.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 benefits from the latest spark-plug technology. Its spark plugs have an iridium electrode tip and an iridium core in the conductor. The iridium plug still has a recommended life of 100,000 miles, but it offers a number of advantages over the platinum-tip plug previously used in the Vortec 5300. The iridium spark plug has higher internal resistance, maintaining optimal spark density over its useful life. Its “self-cleaning” properties are improved, decreasing potential for plug fouling and further reducing the likelihood of maintenance over the 100,000-mile plug life. The electrode design improves combustion efficiency for maximum fuel economy and minimum emissions. Finally, iridium is more plentiful than platinum, reducing the plug’s material cost and preserving scarce noble metals.
HIGH-CAPACITY OIL PUMP
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with a higher-capacity, low friction oil pump. The pump is validated to the same durability standard as those used on other Vortec 5300s, but it increases capacity from .96 cubic inches per revolution to 1.26 cubic inches. This pump improves oil distribution in general, and provides additional pressure needed to operate the lifter oil manifold assembly (LOMA) and Displacement on Demand.
PAN-AXLE OIL PAN
GM Powertrain’s unique pan-axle oil pan has been adapted for the Gen IV Vortec 5300. The oil pan is cast with an axle pass-through for all-wheel-drive vehicles and allows the front axle differential to be bolted to the oil pan.
This elegant packaging solution presents a number of advantages. The pan-axle requires less space than a conventional oil pan and separate differential, allowing platform engineers and designers more flexibility when developing vehicles. In production, the engine and front differential are installed in the vehicle as a unit, rather than with two separate operations, reducing vehicle assembly time. Yet engineering this clever solution was no small task. The front differential bears most of the tremendous rotational loads from the front axle shafts, as well as fore-aft stress as a vehicle moves forward and backs up. The oil pan and differential case – relatively lightweight parts – must bear the brunt of those loads. Thus, the pan-axle and case were developed using the latest math-based tools to maximize strength and structural stiffness without adding weight. The aluminum pan must be cast flawlessly, with perfect consistency, to ensure that it works as designed.
For the Gen IV Vortec 5300, the pan-axle is fitted with an oil-pressure bypass valve that helps regulate oil pressure at optimal levels for Displacement on Demand.
GM Powertrain has led the industry in applying electronic throttle control (ETC) to its Vortec V-8s. ETC remains the exception rather than the rule in truck engines, and the Gen IV Vortec 5300 introduces the next generation in truck ETC.
With ETC, there is no mechanical link between the accelerator pedal and the throttle. A potentiometer at the pedal measures pedal angle and sends a signal to the engine control module (ECM); the ECM then directs an electric motor to open the throttle at the appropriate rate and angle. Electronic throttle control (ETC) delivers a number of benefits to the customer. Besides throttle pedal angle, the ECM measures other data, including the transmission’s shift patterns and traction at the drive wheels, in determining how far to open the throttle. ETC delivers outstanding throttle response and greater reliability than a mechanical connection, which typically uses a cable that requires adjustment – and sometimes breaks. Cruise control electronics are integrated into the system, further improving reliability and simplifying engine assembly.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 takes ETC to the next level by taking advantage of capability built into its advanced E40 ECM (below) and further streamlining the system. Known as “up-integrated ETC,’’ the new system eliminates a throttle actuator control (TAC) module. On most ETC systems, the TAC is mounted on the throttle body. It takes commands from the ECM and then operates the electric motor that opens and closes the throttle. The E40 manages the throttle directly, without a TAC. Eliminating the TAC reduces cost and improves reliability. The direct link between the ECM and the throttle motor improves throttle response time (albeit in millisecond increments that are not apparent to the driver) and improves system security by removing a device (the TAC) that must be monitored for malfunction.
IMPROVED IGNITION SYSTEM WITH IRIDIUM-TIP SPARKPLUGS
The LH6 uses next-generation ignition coils that are smaller and lighter than those on other Vortec 5300s. The coils are still mounted on the rocker covers, but they attach with a new mounting bracket that simplifies engine assembly.
Spark timing is managed with both a cam sensor that reads a target on the cam sprocket and a crank sensor that reads a reluctor wheel cast into the crankshaft. This dual-measurement system ensures extremely accurate timing for the life of the engine. Moreover, it provides an effective back-up system in the event of a sensor failure.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 benefits from the latest spark-plug technology. Its spark plugs have an iridium electrode tip and an iridium core in the conductor. The iridium plug still has a recommended life of 100,000 miles, but it offers a number of advantages over the platinum-tip plug previously used in the Vortec 5300. The iridium spark plug has higher internal resistance, maintaining optimal spark density over its useful life. Its “self-cleaning” properties are improved, decreasing potential for plug fouling and further reducing the likelihood of maintenance over the 100,000-mile plug life. The electrode design improves combustion efficiency for maximum fuel economy and minimum emissions. Finally, iridium is more plentiful than platinum, reducing the plug’s material cost and preserving scarce noble metals.
HIGH-CAPACITY OIL PUMP
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is equipped with a higher-capacity, low friction oil pump. The pump is validated to the same durability standard as those used on other Vortec 5300s, but it increases capacity from .96 cubic inches per revolution to 1.26 cubic inches. This pump improves oil distribution in general, and provides additional pressure needed to operate the lifter oil manifold assembly (LOMA) and Displacement on Demand.
PAN-AXLE OIL PAN
GM Powertrain’s unique pan-axle oil pan has been adapted for the Gen IV Vortec 5300. The oil pan is cast with an axle pass-through for all-wheel-drive vehicles and allows the front axle differential to be bolted to the oil pan.
This elegant packaging solution presents a number of advantages. The pan-axle requires less space than a conventional oil pan and separate differential, allowing platform engineers and designers more flexibility when developing vehicles. In production, the engine and front differential are installed in the vehicle as a unit, rather than with two separate operations, reducing vehicle assembly time. Yet engineering this clever solution was no small task. The front differential bears most of the tremendous rotational loads from the front axle shafts, as well as fore-aft stress as a vehicle moves forward and backs up. The oil pan and differential case – relatively lightweight parts – must bear the brunt of those loads. Thus, the pan-axle and case were developed using the latest math-based tools to maximize strength and structural stiffness without adding weight. The aluminum pan must be cast flawlessly, with perfect consistency, to ensure that it works as designed.
For the Gen IV Vortec 5300, the pan-axle is fitted with an oil-pressure bypass valve that helps regulate oil pressure at optimal levels for Displacement on Demand.
08-04-2004, 07:59 AM
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E40 ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECM)
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is managed by the most sophisticated engine controller in existence, known internally as the E40. The heart of this ECM is a 32-bit microprocessor with a clock speed of 32 MHz, compared to 24 MHz with the P59 controller in other Vortec V-8s (already one of the faster processors in the industry). The E40 has roughly the same amount of read-only “flash” memory (one megabyte), but it adds 32 kilobytes of random access memory.
The E40 means the most precise engine management possible, optimizing performance according to temperature or operating conditions and virtually eliminating unintended variation in every function it controls, from ignition timing to fuel delivery to emissions reduction. It allows Powertrain engineers to monitor more engine operations, and it improves the performance and accuracy of the On-Board Diagnostics (OBDII) system. It also provides the capability to manage new systems such as up-integrated ETC and Displacement on Demand.
The E40 uses a new monitoring protocol known as rate-based diagnostics. This protocol improves the robustness of OBD II and ensures optimal performance of emissions-control systems. With rate-based diagnostics, the software increases the frequency at which the ECM checks various engine operations, and particularly emissions systems such as the catalytic converter, oxygen sensors and positive crankcase ventilation (PCV). Rate-based diagnostics more reliably monitor real-word operation of these systems, and allow regulatory agencies to more easily measure and certify emissions compliance. The new protocol allows the Gen IV Vortec 5300 to meet more stringent OBD II requirements two years ahead of a mandate by the California Air Resources Board.
Finally, the E40 re-introduces the ECM to Vortec V-8s. The P59 is a powertrain control module (PCM), and controls both engine and transmission operation with a single processor. The E40 works with a separate transmission control module, communicating via a high-speed data connection. The switch was driven by two factors: a desire for increased modularity and continuing demand for GM Powertrain transmissions by other automobile manufacturers. Separate ECMs and TCMs increase the portability of transmissions and allow an engine to be more easily matched with a variety of transmissions. Further, Powertrain’s transmission customers want Powertrain’s controls as well. The TCM can be matched with other manufacturers’ ECMs.
Ultra-Fast Oxygen Sensors
The oxygen (O2) sensors used with the Gen IV Vortec 5300 have a 12-volt heat rating and achieve closed loop operation – or maximum exhaust emissions reduction – in 10 seconds or less.
The oxygen sensors are installed in the exhaust stream before and after the catalytic converter. The first measures the content of exhaust gas going into the converter and the second measures the content coming out. The ECM compares this data and adjusts engine operation accordingly to minimize exhaust emissions. Yet to achieve this closed-loop operation, the sensors must first reach full operating temperature. In comparison to the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s 10-second, fast-light sensors, some oxygen sensors take 30 seconds to 40 seconds to achieve closed loop. And this occurs immediately after cold starts, when engines produce their heaviest emissions.
In general, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 applies the best sensor technology available. In addition to the redundant cam- and crank-sensor timing, its knock sensors employ flat-response rather than broadband sensing. Now located outside the engine block, these sensors reduce the signal-noise-ratio and literally hear knocking better through the myriad noise generated by an internal combustion engine. The improved listening allows faster, more precise control of spark, fuel delivery and other processes that optimize engine performance in a changing set of operating conditions.
The Gen IV Vortec 5300 is managed by the most sophisticated engine controller in existence, known internally as the E40. The heart of this ECM is a 32-bit microprocessor with a clock speed of 32 MHz, compared to 24 MHz with the P59 controller in other Vortec V-8s (already one of the faster processors in the industry). The E40 has roughly the same amount of read-only “flash” memory (one megabyte), but it adds 32 kilobytes of random access memory.
The E40 means the most precise engine management possible, optimizing performance according to temperature or operating conditions and virtually eliminating unintended variation in every function it controls, from ignition timing to fuel delivery to emissions reduction. It allows Powertrain engineers to monitor more engine operations, and it improves the performance and accuracy of the On-Board Diagnostics (OBDII) system. It also provides the capability to manage new systems such as up-integrated ETC and Displacement on Demand.
The E40 uses a new monitoring protocol known as rate-based diagnostics. This protocol improves the robustness of OBD II and ensures optimal performance of emissions-control systems. With rate-based diagnostics, the software increases the frequency at which the ECM checks various engine operations, and particularly emissions systems such as the catalytic converter, oxygen sensors and positive crankcase ventilation (PCV). Rate-based diagnostics more reliably monitor real-word operation of these systems, and allow regulatory agencies to more easily measure and certify emissions compliance. The new protocol allows the Gen IV Vortec 5300 to meet more stringent OBD II requirements two years ahead of a mandate by the California Air Resources Board.
Finally, the E40 re-introduces the ECM to Vortec V-8s. The P59 is a powertrain control module (PCM), and controls both engine and transmission operation with a single processor. The E40 works with a separate transmission control module, communicating via a high-speed data connection. The switch was driven by two factors: a desire for increased modularity and continuing demand for GM Powertrain transmissions by other automobile manufacturers. Separate ECMs and TCMs increase the portability of transmissions and allow an engine to be more easily matched with a variety of transmissions. Further, Powertrain’s transmission customers want Powertrain’s controls as well. The TCM can be matched with other manufacturers’ ECMs.
Ultra-Fast Oxygen Sensors
The oxygen (O2) sensors used with the Gen IV Vortec 5300 have a 12-volt heat rating and achieve closed loop operation – or maximum exhaust emissions reduction – in 10 seconds or less.
The oxygen sensors are installed in the exhaust stream before and after the catalytic converter. The first measures the content of exhaust gas going into the converter and the second measures the content coming out. The ECM compares this data and adjusts engine operation accordingly to minimize exhaust emissions. Yet to achieve this closed-loop operation, the sensors must first reach full operating temperature. In comparison to the Gen IV Vortec 5300’s 10-second, fast-light sensors, some oxygen sensors take 30 seconds to 40 seconds to achieve closed loop. And this occurs immediately after cold starts, when engines produce their heaviest emissions.
In general, the Gen IV Vortec 5300 applies the best sensor technology available. In addition to the redundant cam- and crank-sensor timing, its knock sensors employ flat-response rather than broadband sensing. Now located outside the engine block, these sensors reduce the signal-noise-ratio and literally hear knocking better through the myriad noise generated by an internal combustion engine. The improved listening allows faster, more precise control of spark, fuel delivery and other processes that optimize engine performance in a changing set of operating conditions.
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08-04-2004, 01:49 PM
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I'm concerned with shutting off the same cylinders all the time. This is going to cause un-even ware to the engine. My idea is much better on the engine.
08-04-2004, 08:40 PM
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So how much more hp is the 5.3 going to have? It says its going to have more HP with a higher lift cam and better heads. Well how much hp is it going to have ?
08-05-2004, 12:27 AM
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Very cool, but still down on torque compared to the 3V 5.4L Ford (supposed to make 365 lb-ft). I guess that's what happens when you have a 4.16" stroke...
08-05-2004, 10:58 PM
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5 more hp from 04? doesnt sound all that great
Don't get me wrong, I'm sure there's more area under the curve, etc..., but there's no way that the new motor will only make 5 more hp.
08-08-2004, 06:17 PM
#15
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Originally Posted by strife
Horsepower (hp / kw @ rpm):
300 / 224 @ 5200
Torque (lb-ft / Nm @ rpm):
330 / 447 @ 4000
Maximum engine speed (rpm):
5900
300 / 224 @ 5200
Torque (lb-ft / Nm @ rpm):
330 / 447 @ 4000
Maximum engine speed (rpm):
5900
big deal.... my 04 makes 295hp 330 at 4800
03-29-2006, 06:40 PM
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Sounds like a lot of the LS2 internals in this new 5.3.
Is the cam timing for this new one the same as the LS2 or like the old LS1?
The heads even sound like they come off of the LS2 an not the LS6 (it would be funny though if the 5.3 came with hollow stem valves).
Is the cam timing for this new one the same as the LS2 or like the old LS1?
The heads even sound like they come off of the LS2 an not the LS6 (it would be funny though if the 5.3 came with hollow stem valves).
