Cooling fan issue
Also remember that air in the system can insulate the sensor and cause it to read low and that would keep the fans off. After a waterpump change you need to purge alot of air from the system.
Probably not an issue, but did you remember to swap the coupler from the back of the old water pump to the new one? Without that the pump doesn't spin and the gauge will show hot while the radiator stays cold and the fans stay off.

