Lifter scarring
Lifters should push down when pressed w/ hands because only the orifice is keeping oil in the lifter. Orifice isn't under pressure. So, am not sure why it wouldn't push down When you pressed by hand. Lifter tick can be a PITA. Could be a dirty lifter that gets stuck open or partially open. We usually test this by spraying carb cleaner down the pushrod & into the lifter to see if it frees it up.
If cam lobes look OK, I'd just replace all of the lifters & move on.
It's just varnish. The shiny part is where the roller contacts the cam. The dirty or brownish area is just built up because there's no contact in that area. Cam looks good in pics. You'll want to rotate the engine & check the cam all the way around 1 cam rotation. Put a socket on the crank bolt & turn the engine say 15* @ a time & then look in the lifter holes to check that surface of the cam. I think the it's gonna look good all the way around.
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